Funeral Prayer Law
In Islam, the living Muslims are prescribed and required to pray for the Muslims who have died, whether they are still children or adults, men or women. In this case, the person praying for the corpse must meet the conditions as required in other prayers.
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah ra that the Prophet Muhammad saw was confronted by a man who died and still had debts. He will also ask, "Did he leave the rest of the property to pay off his debt?" If he happens to leave property for the repayment of the debt, he will pray for it, if not then he will say to the Muslims, "Pray for your friends!"
The law of praying for a corpse or corpse is fardhu kifayah for relatives, friends or for the living. Funeral prayers are legally obligatory kifayah, which is a collective obligation, meaning that if in a region there is no one who performs funeral prayers, then the entire population of the region will bear the sin. But if there are only a few people who organize it then the rest of the population is free from that obligation. The corpse that can be purified is the corpse of a Muslim who is not a martyr (i.e. died in the war against infidels or polytheists). While a martyr and a baby who dies in the womb (or since birth, before death, has not been able to speak or cry) cannot be purified, nor can it be bathed. This funeral prayer can be performed at any time, because this prayer includes prayers that have a reason. Prayers can be performed by women, some corpses can be cremated together.
Excluded in this case are two types of corpses that do not have to be purified, namely:
A child who has not reached puberty because the Prophet did not pray for his son Ibrahim when he died as Aisha reported "Ibrahim, the son of the Prophet died at the age of 18 months, he did not pray
People who died fi sabilillah (martyrs) because the Prophet did not pray for the martyrs of the battle of Uhud and other than them, Anas bin Malik preached: "The martyrs of the battle of Uhud were not bathed and they were buried with their blood also not dishalati except the corpse of Hamzah"
Both of the above groups, even if they want to be purified, then it is not a problem, even this is prescribed. But the shari'ah is not obligatory, why is it said that it is shari'ah? Because the Prophet also prayed for the corpse of a child as mentioned in the hadith of Aisha: "It was brought to the Prophet the corpse of a child from among the Anshar he also prayed for it" as the Prophet once prayed for the corpse of an Arab (Bedouin) who died in the field of jihad.
- Conditions of Funeral Prayer
Funeral prayers have the legal condition of prayer until one of the conditions is not met then the prayer is invalid or not accepted. The legal condition of the funeral prayer is the same as the regular obligatory prayer. The following are the conditions for the validity of funeral prayers:
Covering the genitals
The genitals of men and women are different, the genitals of women are all the body except the hands and face so that only when praying the face and hands are not covered. As for the male genitals is the lower part of the navel up to the top of the knee. If it does not cover the aurat then the prayer is not valid and cannot be accepted by Allah swt. What should be noted here is that for women there should be no visible hair so the prayer is not valid, besides that when prostrating the mukena part should not cover the face so that the face can touch the floor or touch the prayer rug
Holy
Holy here is free from small hadast and free from big hadast. Sometimes many Muslims can not distinguish what is hadast and what is najis. Dirt is dirt that prevents the validity of prayer and sticks to clothes or places of prayer. While hadast is something that prevents the validity of prayer and sticks or comes from the human body, to be pure from small hadast Muslims must perform ablution while to be pure from large hadast must perform a large bath
Facing the Qibla
Funeral prayers should be facing the Qibla, prayers should not be performed other than facing the Qibla.
The corpse must be holy and covered
The legal condition of the funeral prayer is that the corpse must have been cleansed or bathed, if the corpse has not been bathed then the funeral prayer cannot be performed. Only when they have been bathed and have been covered then the corpse is ready to be prayed for
Placed Qibla Or In Front Of The Righteous People
The corpse to be prayed over should be facing the Qibla or placed in front of the person praying. For the supernatural prayers the corpse does not need to be placed in front of the person praying it.
Pillars of Funeral Prayers
The pillars of the funeral prayer are very different from the pillars of prayer in general, there is no similarity at all between the pillars of prayer
t the body in harmony with obligatory prayers or other prayers. The following are the pillars of the funeral prayers that we must do when performing the funeral prayers.
Intention
This intention has a place in each person's heart in the famous hadith that it is stated that all acts of worship are very dependent on their intention. In the hadith narrated by Mutaffaq Alaih which means "actually every charity depends on the intention, everyone gets according to his intention".
Stand up for the capable
Prayers of the body must be performed standing upright and are prohibited and invalid if done while sitting. Whether it's sitting on the floor, in a chair, or in a vehicle, it will be different if someone is unable to stand up, for example because of illness or other reasons.
Performing Takbir Four Times
In the funeral prayer, you must do takbir four times.
Read Surah Al-Fatihah
In carrying out the funeral prayer, you must read the letter Al-Fatihah, you are not allowed to read it, replace it with another letter.
Read the Salawat of the Prophet Muhammad
The recitation of shalawat in janazah prayers is the same as the recitation of shalawat when sitting at the beginning and end of the tahiyat.
Read Prayer for the body
Either the bodies are male or female or are still children
Regards
When saying greetings exactly as greetings when praying obligatory and sunnah.
Requirements for the person who will wash the body
- Muslim
- Sensible
- Balig
- Honest and pious
Trustworthy, trustworthy, know the law of bathing a corpse, know the procedures for bathing a corpse, and are able to cover up the disgrace of a body
People Who Have The Right To Wash The Body
If the body is a boy then the sequence:
Men who are still related, such as brothers, sisters, parents, or grandparents.
Wife, a wife is allowed to bathe her husband's body.
Other men who are not related.
A woman who is still a mahram (it is haram to marry the corpse while she is still alive).
If the body is a woman, the order is:
A husband, a husband has the most right to bathe his wife because the husband is allowed to see all members of his wife's body without exception.
Women with family ties, such as older siblings, younger siblings, parents or grandmothers
Women who are not related to family
A man who is still a mahram (it is haram to marry the corpse while he is still alive)
What to do before starting to wash the body
Prepare a closed room
Prepare a closed room so that no one else sees the body being bathed.
Prepare equipment
The equipment that must be prepared is as follows:
Place or base for bathing the body, try to make the place or base for the bathing slightly tilted towards its feet, the goal is that water and everything that comes out of the body can flow down easily.
Enough water
Soap
Camphor water
Fragrance
Gloves for bathing
Small pieces or rolls of fabric
Wet cloth
Towel
Procedures for Bathing the Body
Before bathing the body, you must first intend, the reading of the intention is as follows: for the body of a man "Usholli 'ala hadzal mayyiti fardho lillahi taala" which means "I intend to bathe to fulfill the obligations of the deceased (male) because of Allah Ta. 'ala "while for the body of the woman" Usholli' ala hadzal mayyitati farddho lillahi taala "which means" I intend to bathe to fulfill the obligations of the deceased (woman) because of Allah Ta'ala.
After intending to do the next thing to do is check the nails of the body if the nails are long, they should be cut so that they have a normal length.
Next, check the armpit hair if it is supposed to be shaved. Especially do not shave pubic hair because it includes large genitals.
Then the head of the body is lifted up half-sitting and then the stomach is pressed so that all the dirt comes out.
Next, flush the whole body of the corpse until no dirt comes out of the stomach that sticks to the body.
After that, clean the qubul (front genitals) and rectum (rear genitals) of the body so that no dirt sticks around the part, in cleaning the qubul and rectum of the body, make sure to use gloves so that you don't need the genitals directly.
After removing the dirt from the stomach, the next step is to wash the body in washing the body starting from the right limb, starting from the head, neck, chest, stomach, thighs to the very end of the leg.
When washing the body, while pouring water on the body, rub the body parts of the body using gloves or a soft cloth. Make sure that when scrubbing the body, it is not done harshly or hard but gently. Bathing the body may be done more than once depending on the needs.
After the body is washed, then it is performed as ablution which is usually done before prayer. There is no need for the corpse to be translated
put water into the nose and mouth of the body, but it is enough to moisten the fingers wrapped in a cloth or gloves, then the fingers are used to clean the lips of the body, brush the teeth and both nostrils of the body until they are clean.
Next, interrupt the beard and wash the body's hair using a squeeze of bidara leaf water, then the remaining bidara leaf juice is used to wash the entire body. After the bathing process of the body is finished, the body is dried with a towel. The process for bathing the body is complete, then the body is covered.
Procedures for the Forgiveness of the Body
To obtain a shroud, you can get it from:
If the husband dies, it must be taken from his property before dividing the inheritance and to pay off the debt.
If the wife or child dies, the children will be taken from the assets of the husband or father.
If the person who dies is a poor faqir or is the responsibility of another person and his own property is not sufficient to buy cloth, then the person who bears it and his close family is obliged to buy the shroud. If the person who bears it and his immediate family is unable to buy the shroud, the obligation is borne by another person.
If none of them is capable at all, then take it from Baitul Mal. If the Baitul Mal does not exist among us, then it may be taken from the mosque treasury as a result of the collection from the congregation on Friday or others.
Types of Shrouds Used to Cover the Body
The cloth is clean.
It can cover the entire body, meaning it is not a fabric with a sparse or thin weave, but one that is tightly woven so that it can cover the body.
This type of cloth is the cloth that the corpse usually wears when it is still alive.
As for the thinness and thickness, the bodies of women are sunk by using a thicker shroud than the shroud for men's bodies. As for the color, it is sunk using a plain white shroud and no pattern.
How to forgive the body
Before the body is sacrificed, the shroud to be used must be prepared in advance, it can be one, three, or five sheets / layer. Then sprinkled with special oil for corpses or made of agarwood, sandalwood or the like so that the smell sticks to the shroud. The number of shrouds used depends on the condition of the body, if it is classified as capable, three or five pieces are more important, whereas if the body is classified as incapable or has a debt, it is sufficient to cover it with one sheet of shroud. If the corpse is the responsibility of another person, then the person who bears it has the right to determine how many sheets of shroud should be used.
If the corpse only has one sheet of cloth which is not sufficient to cover the entire body, what must be prioritized is the dressing with a cloth that can cover its genitals and cover the head and other limbs, while grass can be covered with grass to cover its shortcomings. Before covering the body, the shroud should be prepared and put on the side of the body to be clothed, while the number of the shrouds to be used can be one, three or five layers, because it includes transgressing boundaries and wasting wealth.
The method of accepting the body is as follows:
Putting the body to sleep on the cot (keranda) that has been prepared by blasting it as when it is sick and being bathed (i.e. the head is in the north and the feet are in the south).
All limbs with holes: rectum, nose and ears are plugged with cotton or soft cloth (not coarse), mainly the anal opening, except for the mouth because the mouth has been tied with a cloth from chin to head.
The first sheet of the shroud is folded over to the corpse while taking the cloth (towel) that covers his genitals by giving priority to the right member.
Folding the second sheet and so on.
Each fold / sheet is extended under the feet and over the head to be tied with more straps around the head than the legs.
Apply oil for mayar (hanuth) and camphor for each fold / sheet so that the shroud will not be damaged quickly.
After completing all the sheets or layers, they are tied with a rope made of a shroud so that the shroud does not fade easily.
Reference:
Fiqh Ibadah
Prof. Dr. Abdul Azizz Muhammad Azzam
Prof. Dr. Abdul Wahhab Sayyed Hawwas
http://afifulikhwan.blogspot.com/2012/09/tata-cara-lengkap-shalat-jenazah.html?m=1
https://asysyariah.com/shalat-jenazah
https://www.google.com/amp/s/dalamislam.com/shalat/sholat-jenazah/amp
https://poskajian.blogspot.com/2019/03/rukun-shalat-jenazah-secara-berurutan-penjelasannya.html?m=1
https://alazharmemorialgarden.co/cara-mengafani-jenazah/
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